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Antisense RNA (asRNA) is a single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand transcribed within a cell. Some authors have used the term micRNA (mRNA-interfering complementary RNA) to refer to these RNAs but it is not widely used. Antisense RNA may be introduced into a cell to inhibit translation of a complementary mRNA by base pairing to it and physically obstructing the translation machinery. This effect is therefore stoichiometric. An example of naturally occurring mRNA antisense mechanism is the hok/sok system of the ''E. coli'' R1 plasmid. Antisense RNA has long been thought of as a promising technique for disease therapy; the only such case to have reached the market is the drug fomivirsen. One commentator has characterized antisense RNA as one of "dozens of technologies that are gorgeous in concept, but exasperating in The effects of antisense RNA are related with the effects of RNA interference (RNAi). The RNAi process, found only in eukaryotes, is initiated by double-stranded RNA fragments, which may be created by the expression of an anti-sense RNA followed by the base-pairing of the anti-sense strand to the target transcript.〔Ennio Giordano1, Rosaria Rendina, Ivana Peluso and Maria Furia. RNAi Triggered by Symmetrically Transcribed Transgenes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics February 1, 2002 vol. 160 no. 2 637-648 〕 Double-stranded RNA may be created by other mechanisms (including secondary RNA structure). The double-stranded RNA is cleaved into small fragements by DICER, and then a single strand of the fragment is incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) so that the RISC may bind to and degrade the complementary mRNA target.〔Ross C. Wilson and Jennifer A. Doudna (2013) Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Interference. Annual Review of Biophysics Vol. 42: 217-239 〕 Some genetically engineered transgenic plants that express antisense RNA do activate the RNAi pathway.〔The Flavr Savr Tomato, an Early Example of RNAi Technology Elysia K. Krieger, Edwards Allen, Larry A. Gilbertson, James K. Roberts, William Hiatt, and Rick A. Sanders HortScience June 2008 43:962-964 〕 This processes resulted in differing magnitudes of gene silencing induced by the expression of antisense RNA. Well-known examples include the Flavr Savr tomato and two cultivars of ringspot-resistant papaya. Transcription of longer ''cis''-antisense transcripts is a common phenomenon in the mammalian transcriptome. Although the function of some cases have been described, such as the Zeb2/Sip1 antisense RNA, no general function has been elucidated. In the case of Zeb2/Sip1, the antisense noncoding RNA is opposite the 5' splice site of an intron in the 5'UTR of the Zeb2 mRNA. Expression of the antisense ncRNA prevents splicing of an intron that contains a ribosome entry site necessary for efficient expression of the Zeb2 protein. Transcription of long antisense ncRNAs is often concordant with the associated protein-coding gene, but more detailed studies have revealed that the relative expression patterns of the mRNA and antisense ncRNA are complex. ==See also== *Cis-natural antisense transcript 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Antisense RNA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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